Modern Southeast Asian Studies: Suggested Readings (2010-2024) (2024)

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The Inescapable Territorial Trap in IR Theories: US Role in the Thai-Lao Border from 1954 to 1975

Thanachate Wisaijorn

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This presentation argues that International Relations as a discipline has a strong interrelationship with geopolitics. The geopolitical characteristics are the self-claim for objectivity, Western supremacy, separation of space and peoples assumption, and the expectation for nationalistic advice. The four characteristics, this research argues, lead to the territorial trap of the political geographer John Agnew (1994). The traps are the dichotomous understanding of inside/outside space of the state, the myth of self-contained state and the border reification monopolized by the elites. This research uses the Thai-Lao border as an example of how scholars in International Relations, especially in Anglo-Saxon world, have been caught in the traps from the year of Laos’ independence in 1954 to 1975 that Laos became a communist state. Despite International Relations’ literature often not being aware of the solutions to escape from the territorial trap as proposed by Agnew and Corbridge (1995), the historical awareness of the states involved, broader social and economic structure of a hegemon, and changes in geopolitical order – were taken into theoretical consideration by a number of scholars. However, the three territorial traps mentioned have remained. This was because the geopolitical characteristics have never disappeared. In conclusion, this research demonstrates how spatial conceptualisation in international politics was portrayed among academia and state practitioners at the peak of the Cold War. It shows that very often, academia and state practitioners are caught in the territorial trap as it benefit the US policy concerning the Thai-Lao border.

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ASEAN's Unchanged Melody? The Theory and Practice of 'Non-Interference' in Southeast Asia

Lee Jones

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is widely supposed by theorists and commentators of many persuasions to have elevated the principle of absolute non-interference in the internal affairs of states into a central pillar of Southeast Asian regionalism. Non-interference is also criticised for retarding ASEAN from taking meaningful action over economic crises, problematic members like Myanmar, and transnational security threats. This article critiques this consensus, arguing that the norm has never been absolute, but has rather been upheld or ignored in line with the interests of the region's dominant social forces. While the principle formally remains in place despite such challenges and serious instances of violation, it is now subject to competing demands and contestation. [the full version is available via my website, http://www.leejones.tk; for the fullest account, see my book, 'ASEAN, Sovereignty and Intervention in Southeast Asia' (Palgrave, 2012) http://www.leejones.tk/asean_sovereignty_intervention.html]

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ASEAN and the Norm of Non-Interference in Southeast Asia: A Quest for Social Order

Lee Jones

This paper critiques the prevailing understanding of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a norm-governed regional body by critically examining the norm of non-interference, which is universally regarded as the centre-piece of the so-called ‘ASEAN way’ of regionalism, even by scholars and commentators who are profoundly opposed to it. This overwhelming consensus fares very badly when confronted with empirical evidence to the contrary, which shows that ASEAN states have frequently meddled in the internal affairs of other countries. The paper considers and rejects constructivist and realist explanations of intervention and advances a more coherent logic based on the insights of historical materialism. The paper’s basic argument is that ASEAN states’ fundamental purpose during the Cold War, reflecting the social forces in control of them, was to maintain non-communist social orders. To the extent that non-interference served this purpose, it was respected; but when it did not, it was discarded or twisted to serve the cause of disguising blatant intervention. [note that a more developed version of this argument, which extends beyond the Cold War, has since been published as 'ASEAN's Unchanged Melody? The Theory and Practice of Non-Intervention in Southeast Asia', Pacific Review 23:3 (2010), 479-502. This article is available via my website, http://www.leejones.tk. For the fullest account, see my book, 'ASEAN, Sovereignty and Intervention in Southeast Asia' (Palgrave, 2012) http://www.leejones.tk/asean_sovereignty_intervention.html]

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Modern Southeast Asian Studies: Suggested Readings (2010-2024) (2024)
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